Catechol

Catechol, catechol, also known as pyrocatechol or 1,2-dihydroxybenzene, catechol, is an organic compound essentially used as building block. It catechol available in two forms: F lakes solid form and Molten liquid form. Catechol offers multiple possibilities of bondings, providing different type of interactions and related properties:.

Federal government websites often end in. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site. The site is secure. NCBI Bookshelf. Worldwide consumption of catechol in was estimated to be about 20 thousand tonnes. Occupational exposures to catechol may occur in its production, in the production of insecticides, perfumes and drugs, in metal-plating shops and in coal-processing. Catechol occurs naturally in fruits and vegetables such as onions, apples and crude beet sugar, and in trees such as pine, oak and willow.

Catechol

It is the ortho isomer of the three isomeric benzenediols. This colorless compound occurs naturally in trace amounts. It was first discovered by destructive distillation of the plant extract catechin. About 20, tonnes of catechol are now synthetically produced annually as a commodity organic chemical, mainly as a precursor to pesticides, flavors, and fragrances. Catechol was first isolated in by Edgar Hugo Emil Reinsch — by distilling it from the solid tannic preparation catechin , which is the residuum of catechu , the boiled or concentrated juice of Mimosa catechu Acacia catechu. This was a thermal decomposition product of the flavanols in catechin. In , both Wackenroder and Zwenger independently rediscovered catechol; in reporting on their findings, Philosophical Magazine coined the name pyrocatechin. Catechol has since been shown to occur in free form naturally in kino and in beechwood tar. Its sulfonic acid has been detected in the urine of horses and humans. Catechol is produced industrially by the hydroxylation of phenol using hydrogen peroxide. It can be produced by reaction of salicylaldehyde with base and hydrogen peroxide Dakin oxidation , [10] as well as the hydrolysis of 2-substituted phenols, especially 2-chlorophenol , with hot aqueous solutions containing alkali metal hydroxides. Like other difunctional benzene derivatives, catechol readily condenses to form heterocyclic compounds.

Organic Syntheses. In vivo genotoxic interactions among three phenolic benzene metabolites, catechol. Chemical and physical data 1.

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The association of menstrual periods with mood disturbance, emotional changes and neurovegetative symptoms has been recognized since the time of Hippocrates, when menstrual bleeding was thought to purge melancholic and choleric humors Stolberg, The organic cause of PMDD is now generally accepted but not definitely established, and an association between hormonal fluctuations of the menstrual cycle and neurotransmitter disturbances involved in depression is suspected. Treatment focuses on regularization of menses, amelioration of symptoms and repair of disrupted social relationships. Symptoms occur principally during the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle but in the first 2 or 3 days of the follicular phase in about one-third Yonders et al. Symptoms last on average 6 days, and are most intense just before and after the start of menstrual flow. Feelings of sadness and despair, even including suicidality, anxiety and panic attacks, crying, irritability and anger, lack of interest in or attention to activities and relationships, fatigue and tiredness, difficulty focusing or thinking, food cravings and binge eating, and feeling out of control are common. Assorted somatic symptoms include breast tenderness, bloating, headache and pain. The new DSM-5 criteria for PMDD require a combination of symptoms that began in the final week before menses, started to improve in the days after onset of menses and were absent in the postmenstrual weeks during the past year. At least one of 5 or more required symptoms must be marked lability of affect, irritability or anger or increased interpersonal conflict, depressed mood or hopelessness or self-deprecation, or marked anxiety or tension. Decreased interest in usual activities, subjective difficulty in concentrating, lethargy or fatigue or lack of energy, marked appetite change with overeating or food cravings, insomnia or hypersomnia, feelings of being out of control and somatic symptoms such as bloating, weight gain, breast tenderness, and joint or muscle pain may also be present American Psychiatrica Association,

Catechol

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Chen H. Like other difunctional benzene derivatives, catechol readily condenses to form heterocyclic compounds. Discover Syensqo best in class technology available for fire safety in textiles and garments: flame retardant protection for lifetime of the garment, strict quality procedures and extremely comfortable for wearers in Industrial and Personal environments. Experimental systems Administration of catechol 1. Marrazzini A. These guar-based polymers answer the need for clean ingredients in personal care cosmetics. Catechol alone did not affect body weights or pancreas weights compared with untreated controls, but reduced relative liver weight. Atchison M. In hamsters given catechol after initiator, no increase in pancreatic lesions was found. Summary of Data Reported and Evaluation 5. Wikimedia Commons. Lide, D. It can be produced by reaction of salicylaldehyde with base and hydrogen peroxide Dakin oxidation , [10] as well as the hydrolysis of 2-substituted phenols, especially 2-chlorophenol , with hot aqueous solutions containing alkali metal hydroxides. Mechanism of benzene toxicity.

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Catechol derivatives are found widely in nature. Environmental Microbiology. Dopamine , derived from the amino acid tyrosine, an adhesive used by mussels. Food and Chemical Toxicology. In single in-vivo studies, catechol did not induce DNA strand breaks or somatic cell mutations in the mouse spot test one study. Related content. Acidity p K a. The Film Developing Cookbook. Catechol offers multiple possibilities of bondings, providing different type of interactions and related properties: Bi-functional molecule Strong metal chelating agent Cross linking agent Oxygen scavenger Antioxidant Key Applications Catechol is used in various final applications markets: Agrochemicals building block Pharmaceuticals starting raw materials to be chemically transformed Food and Fragrances building block Polymers Electronics corrosion inhibitor. N verify what is Y N?