Dppc full form

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Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. Phosphatidylcholine PC is the major phospholipid of pulmonary surfactant and it is hypothesized that PC and its subspecies modulate the functions of alveolar macrophages. The most abundant of these subspecies is dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine DPPC. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of PC on monocyte function using a human monocytic cell line, MonoMac-6 MM6. When DPPC was replaced with 1-palmitoylarachidonoyl phosphatidylcholine PAPC there was no inhibition and in contrast a significant increase in oxidant production was observed. These results suggest that DPPC, the major component of pulmonary surfactant, may play a role in modulating leucocyte inflammatory responses in the lung.

Dppc full form

Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine DPPC is a phospholipid and a lecithin consisting of two C 16 palmitic acid groups attached to a phosphatidylcholine head-group. It is the main constituent of pulmonary surfactants, which reduces the work of breathing and prevents alveolar collapse during breathing. It also plays an important role in the study of liposomes and human bilayers. Lung surfactant LS is a surface-active material produced by most air-breathing animals for the purpose of reducing the surface tension of the water layer where gas exchange occurs in the lungs, given that the movements due to inhalation and exhalation may cause damage if there is not enough energy to sustain alveolar structural integrity. While DPPC itself already has the ability to reduce the surface tension of the alveolar liquid, the proteins and other lipids in the surfactant further facilitate the adsorption of oxygen into the air-liquid interface. DPPC is a variant of phosphatidylcholine. Its structure includes both a hydrophilic "head" and hydrophobic "tails", and it is this arrangement that makes it able to reduce the surface tension of the water layer. The choline radical constitutes the polar hydrophilic head; it is oriented towards and extends into the alveolar liquid. The palmitic acid C 16 chains form the nonpolar hydrophobic tails; these are oriented towards the outer side. The synthesis of the phospholipids contained in pulmonary surfactant takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum of type II pneumocytes. Pulmonary surfactant has both protein and lipid components. De novo synthesis of phosphatidylcholine in the lung arises primarily from cytidine diphosphate-choline CDP-choline. The transformation of CDP-choline to phosphatidylcholine is effected by choline phosphate cytidyltransferase. Under certain conditions the enzymes choline kinase, glycerolphosphate acyltransferase and phosphatidate phosphatase may play regulatory roles.

These observations suggest some interesting aspects to the interactions between protein and lipid in lung surfactant material.

Pulmonary surfactant is a surface-active complex of phospholipids and proteins formed by type II alveolar cells. By adsorbing to the air-water interface of alveoli , with hydrophilic head groups in the water and the hydrophobic tails facing towards the air, the main lipid component of surfactant, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine DPPC , reduces surface tension. As a medication, pulmonary surfactant is on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines , the most important medications needed in a basic health system. Alveoli can be compared to gas in water, as the alveoli are wet and surround a central air space. The surface tension acts at the air-water interface and tends to make the bubble smaller by decreasing the surface area of the interface.

The most important component of pulmonary surfactant is dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, or DPPC. At the end of an expiration, when the surfactant film is maximally compressed, DPPC is probably almost the sole component in the monomolecular film, but, during inspiration, as the film expands, other elements move in. They may be phospholipids with different fatty acids, saturated or unsaturated, or with the alcohol choline replaced with ethanolamine, inositol, glycerol or serine. The elements moving into the expanding film may also be free fatty acids, di- or triglycerides, etc. The synthesis of DPPC, similar to that of other phospholipids, has been thoroughly studied and is reviewed. The building blocks, glycerol, palmitic acid, choline and phosphate, are generally produced in the lung itself, but choline is generously supplied with the bloodstream. The slowest and, therefore, rate-limiting reaction is conversion of choline phosphate to cytidine diphosphate choline CDP choline. The enzyme required, choline phosphate cytidyltransferase, is, therefore, crucial. It exists in two forms and can be stimulated to be converted to the more active H-form by the presence of phosphatidylglycerol.

Dppc full form

Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. The Disabled Persons Protection Commission DPPC , established in by Chapter 19C of the Massachusetts General Laws, is an independent state agency responsible for the investigation and remediation of abuse of people with disabilities in the Commonwealth. DPPC received 11, and 13, abuse reports in fiscal years and , respectively. It had approximately 50 full-time employees as of November , including managers, intake specialists, oversight officers, investigators, and support employees. Although most abuse reports are submitted through the hotline, they can also be submitted via email, by fax, or in person. The Intake Unit receives, documents, and evaluates the information provided by each reporter regarding the alleged victim, the alleged abuser, and the nature of the incident. The hotline operator ensures that the alleged victim is in a safe environment and completes an Intake Abuse Form in FileMaker Pro, where the form is assigned a unique case number and will ultimately be screened in or out for investigation.

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Structural changes of surfactant protein A induced by cations reorient the protein on lipid bilayers. Main article: Pulmonary surfactant medication. Cell Biol. This exaggerates the apparent difference in transition midpoints, as indicated by the two components in Fig. MAP kinase targeted by endotoxin and hyperosmolarity in mammalian cells. GPI-microdomains: a role in signalling via immunoreceptors. This process is believed to occur through SP-A stimulating receptor-mediated, clathrin dependent endocytosis. Formation of membrane lattice structures and their specific interactions with surfactant protein A. Acta Biomaterialia. Also, because this region is narrow, any coexistence observable near the transition midpoint involves liquid crystal and gel domains whose compositions do not depart significantly from the overall lipid composition of the sample. Aside from this small difference, the two samples display very similar dependences of deuterated-component chain order on temperature through the transition. Signaling events in monocytes and macrophages.

Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine DPPC is a phospholipid and a lecithin consisting of two C 16 palmitic acid groups attached to a phosphatidylcholine head-group. It is the main constituent of pulmonary surfactants, which reduces the work of breathing and prevents alveolar collapse during breathing. It also plays an important role in the study of liposomes and human bilayers.

J Biol Chem. Samples were allowed to reach thermal equilibrium before the start of each experiment by waiting at least 30 min after each cooling step before beginning data collection. The surfactants extracted from bovine lungs were Infasurf and Alvofact , the porcine lung extracts included Curosurf , and those made from modified bovine lung extracts included Survanta or Beraksurf Beractant. The mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathway. Orgeig, and F. The inhibitory effect of pulmonary surfactant on ROI generation in neutrophils and monocytes has been attributed to alterations in NADPH assembly [ 10 , 14 , 15 ]. Retrieve it. Phare S. Casals, I. The structure and function of surfactant protein A.