Mutagenic

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In genetics, a mutagen is a physical or chemical agent that permanently changes genetic material , usually DNA , in an organism and thus increases the frequency of mutations above the natural background level. As many mutations can cause cancer in animals, such mutagens can therefore be carcinogens , although not all necessarily are. All mutagens have characteristic mutational signatures with some chemicals becoming mutagenic through cellular processes. The process of DNA becoming modified is called mutagenesis. Not all mutations are caused by mutagens: so-called "spontaneous mutations" occur due to spontaneous hydrolysis , errors in DNA replication , repair and recombination.

Mutagenic

A flexitarian way of eating consists mainly of vegetarian food but with some meat. Forget doing it or forget to do it? Avoiding common mistakes with verb patterns 2. Add to word list Add to word list. Examples of mutagenic. Virtually all known aspects of genome instability following mutagenic insult resulting in transmitted germ line mutations in mammals are based upon specific locus mutation experiments. From the Cambridge English Corpus. Additionally, estrogen-induced tumor induction may involve receptor-mediated cell proliferation with tumor initiation by genotoxic and mutagenic events. Several steps are potentially mutagenic , such as exposure to high cytosolic concentrations of ethylene glycol, and the extreme dehydration that is a requisite for vitrification. This is the first quantitative estimate of the mutagenic effect of cryopreservation on the germ line of a metazoan. Moreover, where hybrid dysgenesis and mutagenic agents result in similar yet quantitatively variable genetic aberrations, accurate correlations are difficult to determine. Reports of hazardous chemical exposures to both male and female workers and related carcinogenic, mutagenic and now teratogenic effects are ever-increasing.

Mutagenic source of the PAH's resulting from charcoal broiling was the smoke generated when pyrolyzed fat dripped from the meat onto the hot coals, mutagenic.

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It may occur spontaneously in nature, or as a result of exposure to mutagens. It can also be achieved experimentally using laboratory procedures. A mutagen is a mutation-causing agent, be it chemical or physical, which results in an increased rate of mutations in an organism's genetic code. In nature mutagenesis can lead to cancer and various heritable diseases , and it is also a driving force of evolution. Mutagenesis as a science was developed based on work done by Hermann Muller , Charlotte Auerbach and J. Robson in the first half of the 20th century. DNA may be modified, either naturally or artificially, by a number of physical, chemical and biological agents, resulting in mutations. Hermann Muller found that "high temperatures" have the ability to mutate genes in the early s, [2] and in , demonstrated a causal link to mutation upon experimenting with an x-ray machine , noting phylogenetic changes when irradiating fruit flies with relatively high dose of X-rays. Robson found that mustard gas can also cause mutations in fruit flies.

Mutagenic

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'mutagen. Send us feedback about these examples. Accessed 9 Mar. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced search—ad free! See Definitions and Examples ». Log In. Examples of mutagen in a Sentence. Haseltine, Forbes , 13 Apr.

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View mobile website. For example, rutin is a glycoside of quercetin that can be hydrolyzed to release quercetin by enzymatic or chemical treatment. Hatcher, and G. Animals are first treated with suspected mutagen, the mouse DNA is then isolated and the phage segment recovered and used to infect E. Show graph. Sugimura, editor; , and T. Umezawa, and S. Takahashi, M. Seminars in Oncology. When soybean globulin was pyrolyzed, the substances that contributed to the mutagenic activity were compounds not previously identified as pyrolysis products of any individual amino acid. Seino, T. Diet, Nutrition, and Cancer. ISSN

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Umezawa, and S. Namba, K. Inhibition of the mutagenicity of amino acid pyrolysis products by hemin and other biological pyrrole pigments. Takeuchi, and T. A number of antioxidants have been shown to inhibit the mutagenicity of a variety of chemicals. Kawachi, K. Takayama, S. View Steam Achievements Fatty Acids Other chemicals in foods have also been reported to inhibit mutagenic activity. Bridges, editor; , and F. C: National Academy Press.