Polybrominated diphenyl ethers

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers PBDEs and polybrominated biphenyls PBBs belong to a class of chemicals that are added to certain manufactured products in order to reduce the chances that the products will catch on fire, polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Finished products that may contain PBDEs are furniture foam padding; wire insulation; rugs, draperies, and upholstery; and plastic cabinets for televisions, personal computers, and small appliances. These chemicals can get into the air, water, and soil during their manufacture; they can leak polybrominated diphenyl ethers products that contain them or escape when the products that contain them break down.

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers PBDEs are a class of recalcitrant and bioaccumulative halogenated compounds that have emerged as a major environmental pollutant. PBDEs are used as a flame-retardant and are found in consumer goods such as electrical equipment, construction materials, coatings, textiles and polyurethane foam furniture padding. Less brominated PBDEs like tetra-, penta- and hexa- demonstrate high affinity for lipids and can accumulate in the bodies of animals and humans. Evidence to date suggests that tetra- and penta-BDEs are likely to be the more toxic and bioaccumulative of the PBDE compounds, compared to octa- and deca-congeners.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers

Since repeated exposure to PBDEs results in accumulation of these chemicals in the body, the Panel estimated the body burden at the BMDL in rodents, and the chronic intake that would lead to the same body burden in humans. For the remaining six congeners no studies were available to identify Reference Points. The Panel concluded that there is scientific basis for inclusion of all 10 congeners in a common assessment group and performed a combined risk assessment. The Panel concluded that the combined margin of exposure MOET approach was the most appropriate risk metric and applied a tiered approach to the risk characterisation. Over 84, analytical results for the 10 congeners in food were used to estimate the exposure across dietary surveys and age groups of the European population. The most important contributors to the chronic dietary Lower Bound exposure to PBDEs were meat and meat products and fish and seafood. Taking into account the uncertainties affecting the assessment, the Panel concluded that it is likely that current dietary exposure to PBDEs in the European population raises a health concern. An official EU website. An official website of the European Union. Update of the risk assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers PBDEs in food.

Categories : Flame retardants Endocrine disruptors Bromoarenes Diphenyl ethers.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers or PBDEs , are a class of organobromine compounds that are used as flame retardants. Like other brominated flame retardants , PBDEs have been used in a wide array of products, including building materials, electronics, furnishings, motor vehicles, airplanes, plastics, polyurethane foams, [1] and textiles. They are structurally akin to polychlorinated diphenyl ethers PCDEs , polychlorinated biphenyls PCBs and other polyhalogenated compounds , consisting of two halogenated aromatic rings. PBDEs are classified according to the average number of bromine atoms in the molecule. The life-saving benefits of fire retardants led to their popularization.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers PBDEs are a class of recalcitrant and bioaccumulative halogenated compounds that have emerged as a major environmental pollutant. PBDEs are used as a flame-retardant and are found in consumer goods such as electrical equipment, construction materials, coatings, textiles and polyurethane foam furniture padding. Less brominated PBDEs like tetra-, penta- and hexa- demonstrate high affinity for lipids and can accumulate in the bodies of animals and humans. Evidence to date suggests that tetra- and penta-BDEs are likely to be the more toxic and bioaccumulative of the PBDE compounds, compared to octa- and deca-congeners. PBDEs are sold as mixtures, under names such as "pentabromodiphenyl ether" and "octabromodiphenyl ether. Pentabromo consists of PBDEs that are believed to be the most toxic. This mixture has been banned by the European Union, but is still used in North America. The United States is the leading producer and user of pentabromo. Children exposed to PBDEs are prone to subtle but measurable developmental problems. It is presumed that PBDEs are endocrine disruptors, but research in this area is scant.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers

Commercial products consist predominantly of penta-, octa-, and decabromodiphenyl ether mixtures, and global PBDE production is about 40, tons per year. PBDEs are bioaccumulated and biomagnified in the environment, and comparatively high levels are often found in aquatic biotopes from different parts of the world. During the mids there was a substantial increase in the PBDE levels with time in both sediments and aquatic biota, whereas the latest Swedish data pike and guillemot egg may indicate that levels are at steady state or are decreasing. However, exponentially increasing PBDE levels have been observed in mother's milk during Characteristic end points of animal toxicity are hepatotoxicity, embryotoxicity, and thyroid effects as well as maternal toxicity during gestation.

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References 1. There are theoretically possible congeners divided into 10 congener groups from mono- to deca-BDE. Pharmacol Toxicol. Biomagnification of more than an order of magnitude occurred going from gadoid fish to marine mammals. Toxicol Lett. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers PBDEs in placenta and human milk. They are structurally akin to polychlorinated diphenyl ethers PCDEs , polychlorinated biphenyls PCBs and other polyhalogenated compounds , consisting of two halogenated aromatic rings. They are resistant to metabolism and can bioaccumulate in adipose tissues from before birth until death. Christensen JH, Platz J. Use a vacuum with a HEPA filter. If you can't replace the item, try to keep the covers intact. Hydroxy-PBDE congeners have structural similarities with the thyroid hormones 3,5-diiodothyronine T 2 , 3,3,5-triiodothyronine T 3 and 3,3,5,5-tetraiodothyronine thyroxine, T 4. Darnerud PO, Sinjari T.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers PBDEs and polybrominated biphenyls PBBs belong to a class of chemicals that are added to certain manufactured products in order to reduce the chances that the products will catch on fire.

Environment International. When purchasing electronics, request products that contain no Deca-BDE or other bromine-containing fire retardants. Plastic pollution Rubber pollution Great Pacific garbage patch Persistent organic pollutant Dioxins List of environmental health hazards. Skokloster, Sweden: National Chemical Inspectorate; Ah-R mediated activities of flame retardants have also been explored using rat hepatoma cell line HII E. Brominated flame retardants: substance flow analysis and assessment of alternatives. There are a few studies that have investigated the concentration of PBDEs in water. Effects of shortterm in vivo exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers on thyroid hormones and hepatic enzyme activities in weanling rats. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Deca- and octa-brominated congeners have lower bioaccumulative and biological activities. According to U.