Stilbene

Federal government websites often end in, stilbene. The site is secure. BoxKuopio, Finland.

Classified as a diarylethene , it features a central ethylene moiety with one phenyl group substituent on each end of the carbon—carbon double bond. It has an E stereochemistry, meaning that the phenyl groups are located on opposite sides of the double bond, the opposite of its geometric isomer , cis -stilbene. Trans -stilbene occurs as a white crystalline solid at room temperature and is highly soluble in organic solvents. It can be converted to cis -stilbene photochemically , and further reacted to produce phenanthrene. Stilbene was discovered in by the French chemist Auguste Laurent. Stilbene exists as two possible stereoisomers. One is trans -1,2-diphenylethylene, called E -stilbene or trans -stilbene.

Stilbene

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Nitric Oxide—Biology and Chemistry, stilbene. Role of other stilbene of the Nrf-family such as Nrf1 and Nrf3 has not been so thoroughly studied but current evidence suggests that these genes have partially different functions, target stilbene, and tissue-specificities although they recognize the same ARE sequence as Nrf2 [ 5153 ].

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Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. Box , Kuopio, Finland. Numerous studies have highlighted the key roles of oxidative stress and inflammation in aging-related diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, age-related macular degeneration AMD , and Alzheimer's disease AD. In aging cells, the natural antioxidant capacity decreases and the overall efficiency of reparative systems against cell damage becomes impaired. There is convincing data that stilbene compounds, a diverse group of natural defence phenolics, abundant in grapes, berries, and conifer bark waste, may confer a protective effect against aging-related diseases.

Stilbene

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. Stilbene and its derivatives belong to the group of biologically active compounds. Some derivatives occur naturally in various plant species, while others are obtained by synthesis. Resveratrol is one of the best-known stilbene derivatives. Many stilbene derivatives exhibit antimicrobial, antifungal or anticancer properties.

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Insulin suppresses lipolysis in both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels in adipose tissue. Phenolic composition of rhubarb. Combined effects of genistein, quercetin, and resveratrol in human and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The development of specific weight management food products focusing at multiple molecular targets may be a promising avenue for enhancing the antiobesity effect, but this approach may benefit from the combination of distinct polyphenols in the product [ , ]. Mechanisms in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Epoxidation Catalysis. Markers of inflammation and oxidative stress studied in adjuvant-induced arthritis in the rat on systemic and local level affected by pinosylvin and methotrexate and their combination. AMPK is able to induce autophagosome formation by activating numerous downstream kinases and interacting proteins such as autophagy-related proteins, protein kinase ULK1, and microtubule-associated protein LC3 [ 93 , 98 ] finally achieving the oligomerization of p62 within autophagosomes [ 99 ]. FoxO1 controls insulin-dependent adipose triglyceride lipase ATGL expression and lipolysis in adipocytes. Reichard J. The nuclear receptor superfamily and drug discovery. Tau protein is known to be abnormally hyperphosphorylated in AD and aberrant tau phosphorylation contributes to the neuropathology of AD.

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. Stilbenes are polyphenolic allelochemicals synthesized by plants, especially grapes, peanuts, rhubarb, berries, etc.

Barry Advances in Pharmacological Sciences. Infobox references. Kobayashi M. It has also been postulated that biotransformation, for example, dimerization, of stilbene compounds may be a way to enhance their efficacies as antihyperglycemic agents [ ]. Since polyphenols have difficulties passing through the blood-brain barrier following oral administration, the resulting low concentration of polyphenols in the brain tissue has been thought as limiting their use against Alzheimer's disease, but it was recently shown that resveratrol, and particularly resveratrol metabolites, can reach such concentrations in the brain capable of achieving beneficial physiological changes [ 7 , 47 , ]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. Resveratrol may activate AMPK via inhibition of ATP production but this action seems to be dependent on high doses of resveratrol [ ]. Although a vast number of in vitro and animal studies hint at the vital role of oxidative stress in T2D, more clinical data, however, are needed to confirm this hypothesis. The Keap1-Nrf2 pathway: mechanisms of activation and dysregulation in cancer. Oxidative stress affects the junctional integrity of retinal pigment epithelial cells. In CVD, vascular inflammation, increased platelet aggregation, and decreased levels of vascular nitrogen oxide NO production disturb the functions of the vascular endothelium [ ]. Dj-1 induces thioredoxin 1 expression through the Nrf2 pathway. Fruit and vegetable juices and alzheimer's disease: the kame project. Structural, functional, and evolutionary analysis of the unusually large stilbene synthase gene family in grapevine.