Strap muscles thyroid

The infrahyoid muscles are a group of four muscles that are located inferiorly to the hyoid bone in the neck, strap muscles thyroid. They can be divided into two groups:. The arterial supply to the infrahyoid muscles is via the superior and inferior thyroid arterieswith venous drainage via the corresponding veins. In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the infrahyoid muscles — their attachments, strap muscles thyroid and innervations.

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. However, the impact of strap muscle invasion on disease-specific survival DSS remains controversial. The modified staging schema may better reflect cancer-caused death risk and may prevent potential overstaging. Validation studies have corroborated the new staging system by showing better allocation of relatively low-risk patients into lower stages with excellent survival outcomes 3 , and high-risk patients into more advanced stages 3 — 7. The newly introduced staging factor of gross strap muscle invasion alone T3b has been associated with higher risk of positive resection margin, bigger tumor size, higher recurrence rate, and lower disease survival rate 8 —

Strap muscles thyroid

Wide and adequate exposure of the surgical field is essential for successful thyroid surgery. The most common procedure for conventional open thyroidectomy is the midline approach, in which the strap muscles are divided along the linea alba and separated from the thyroid gland. An insufficient surgical field exposure not only increases operation time and blood loss, it also increases the risk of injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve RLN and parathyroid gland PG due to poor visibility during surgical dissection 1. The aim of this study was to evaluate the U-shaped strap muscle flap USMF approach that provides excellent exposure of the surgical field. Postoperative objective voice analysis and subjective assessment of voice and swallowing were also performed to evaluate USMF outcomes, including voice and swallowing function. The USMF was performed as follows. After elevation of the skin flap, the strap muscles were cut at a lower margin close to the clavicle and then cut along the anterior margin of both sternocleidomastoid muscles. The strap muscles were then separated from the thyroid gland and elevated to the superior level of thyroid cartilage Video 1. After complete resection of tumors, the muscle flap was sutured back to its original position. In all patients, analyses of ionized calcium iCa level and vocal cord function, objective analysis of voice, and subjective analyses of voice and swallowing were performed before surgery and 2 months after surgery. Another 40 patients who had received total thyroidectomy by midline approach during the same time period were used as a control group to compare voice and swallowing outcomes. All surgeries were performed under neural monitoring by a single surgeon FY Chiang. In all patients, iCa was measured before and 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after surgery. Vocal cord mobility was routinely video-recorded by flexible laryngofiberscopy before and after surgery.

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Skip to main content. Make a Donation. Local management practices, referral patterns, patient factors, and the reliability of cytologic evaluation combine to influence the treatment course adopted in many patients. The following is a compilation of indications for thyroidectomy or lobectomy used at this institution. It should be recognized that these indications may be modified based on the presumed pathology of the lesion and factors specific to the individual case. Consideration of all the factors influencing the decision to operate and which operation to do would be beyond the scope of this protocol outline see Thyroid Cancer Evaluation and Management protocol. Diagnosis of malignant tumor of the thyroid by FNA or prior biopsy Vocal cord paralysis with an associated thyroid mass Palpable fixation of a thyroid mass to surrounding tissues Diagnosis of "follicular neoplasm" of the thyroid by FNA Diagnosis of "atypia of undetermined significance" a relative indication for surgery as of Roman et.

Strap muscles thyroid

The overall prognosis of papillary thyroid cancer is excellent and, for most patients, the concern is for cancer recurrence as opposed to death from cancer. However, if the extension is not visible to the surgeon at the time of surgery and only seen under the microscope, the outcomes are not changed significantly. Additionally, there are few studies looking at isolated visible invasion into the neck muscles laying over the outer edges of the thyroid in the front of the neck the strap muscles. This study examined patients with these types of cancers to see if outcomes were worse than those cancers without invasion into the strap muscles.

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Amit M, et al. An anatomical study of the arterial and nerve supply of the infrahyoid muscles. A total of 19, patients were included in the final analysis of demographic variables including age at diagnosis, race, sex, year of diagnosis and survival status. Thyrohyoid The thyrohyoid is a short band of muscle, thought to be a continuation of the sternothyroid muscle. Thus, the patient will present with dysphonia if the nerve has suffered an injury. The modified TNM staging schema suggests potential modification of the TNM staging schema to better reflect the risk of cancer-caused death and to prevent potential overstaging of tumors, particularly those equal to or smaller than 40 mm in size. Epub Oct Log in Sign up. Bilateral clavicular attachment of omohyoid muscle. During swallowing, these muscles act to elevate the hyoid bone and the base of the tongue. The Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to examine the effects of clinical factors and histopathologic characteristics of DTC on DSS. This may have particular clinical impact on tumors equal to or smaller than 40 mm which may be appropriately downstaged. Patient characteristics Value Age at diagnosis a 47

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The left inferior thyroid vein drains into the left brachiocephalic vein. Head and neck fascia and compartments: no space for spaces. Tam S, et al. Thyroid cancer patients who have received neck dissection also have an increased risk of hypoparathyroidism and RLN injury after thyroidectomy 5 , 6. Wu reports grants from Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan, during the conduct of the study. Attachments : Originates from the sternum and sternoclavicular joint. Article created:. It lies in front of the trachea, and the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the infrahyoid muscles cover its lateral and anterior borders. The infrahyoid muscles receive innervation from the deep ansa cervicalis C1 to C3 , a branch of the cervical plexus. Disclosure: Ani Mnatsakanian declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies. In all patients, iCa was measured before and 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after surgery. Statistical analyses were performed using commercially available software R software, version 3. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website.