Usfd manual

Ultrasonic testing of rails was introduced over Indian Railways during early 60s.

Disclaimer: This Compilation is for educational reference only. For details refer original correction slips. Ultrasonic testing of rails was introduced over Indian Railways during early 60s. From a humble beginning, this technique has graduated itself to an extent that today it is one of the most powerful tools of preventive maintenance of the permanent way. During the last 40 years of its existence, a large number of testing procedures, specifications, guidelines and criteria have been issued from time to time based on the experience gained. The advent of fracture mechanics concept coupled with state of the art steel making technology has thrown open a new dimension in the periodicity of ultrasonic examination. The rate of crack propagation and fracture toughness characteristics of rails can be experimentally found which determine the critical crack size.

Usfd manual

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Breaking out 2. This exercise shall also be repeated from other side of the weld.

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Ultrasonic testing of rails was introduced over Indian Railways during early 60s. From a humble beginning, this technique has graduated itself to an extent that today it is one of the most powerful tools of preventive maintenance of the permanent way. During the last 40 years of its existence, a large number of testing procedures, specifications, guidelines and criteria have been issued from time to time based on the experience gained. The advent of fracture mechanics concept coupled with state of the art steel making technology has thrown open a new dimension in the periodicity of ultrasonic examination. The rate of crack propagation and fracture toughness characteristics of rails can be experimentally found which determine the critical crack size. Based on the above knowledge and experience, it was considered necessary to assimilate the entire information on ultrasonic examination of rails and present in the form of a manual so as to guide the ultrasonic personnel in testing, interpretation and decision-making. Subsequently, a revision was issued in in view of the experience gained in the field of USFD testing and maintenance practices.

Usfd manual

Disclaimer: This Compilation is for educational reference only. For details refer original correction slips. Ultrasonic testing of rails was introduced over Indian Railways during early 60s. From a humble beginning, this technique has graduated itself to an extent that today it is one of the most powerful tools of preventive maintenance of the permanent way. During the last 40 years of its existence, a large number of testing procedures, specifications, guidelines and criteria have been issued from time to time based on the experience gained. The advent of fracture mechanics concept coupled with state of the art steel making technology has thrown open a new dimension in the periodicity of ultrasonic examination. The rate of crack propagation and fracture toughness characteristics of rails can be experimentally found which determine the critical crack size.

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So classification classification is done. Head, surface, breaking out running surface scabbing Head, surface, breaking out, gauge corner shelling Head, surface crushing or battering Head, surface local batter Head, surface, wheel burn isolated Head surface, wheel burn repeated Web, horizontal cracks, at top fillet radius Web, horizontal crack, at bottom fillet radius Web, horizontal crack, not at fillet radius Web, vertical longitudinal splitting pipe Web, cracks at hole Web, diagonal cracks not at hole. Check with the help of a feeler gauge. Signals from rail end surface and 5mm FBH will appear on the screen. Vertical longitudinal defects of minor nature are not amenable to USFD examination conducted from rail top. The slice from rail head for sensitivity setting shall be from rail of same sectional weight which is to be tested i. Follow up testing Para 8. Final Specification Final Specification. They detect defects oriented perpendicular to the direction of the beam. Repetitive rail fractures of same rolling mark. If the inspection frequency is high, the condemning defect size can be suitably increased. Classification of Stations Classification of Stations.

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Each Zonal Railway shall create adequate no. Derailment Associated with welding defects through or adjacent Within mm of a welded joint Other causes. DOM regarding path. Slight twisting movements, with the beam directed towards the weld, shall be imparted mutually to the probes as shown in the Fig. The probe shall thereafter be moved slowly in a zig-zag manner towards the weld. Flaw echo with or holes without multiples. The defects in rails may be due to manufacturing deficiencies, defects arising during service or defects generated due to a combination of manufacturing defects and service conditions. The defects like pipe, seam, lap, inclusions, segregation can only be expected in these rails. Thus successful performance of rails is based on their resistance to crack initiation and crack propagation. Running surface 2. Breaking out 2. SR of 30 Kmph can be relaxed to normal after providing joggled fish plates with two far end tight bolts one on each side with champhering of holes.