Trophoblasts

These examples are programmatically compiled from trophoblasts online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'trophoblast, trophoblasts. Send us feedback about these examples. Accessed 2 Mar.

Federal government websites often end in. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site. The site is secure. NCBI Bookshelf. Wang Y, Zhao S. Vascular Biology of the Placenta. Hofbauer cells synthesize VEGF and other proangiogenic factors that initiate vasculogenesis in the placenta; and 3 fetal vascular cells that include vascular smooth muscle cells, perivascular cells pericytes , and endothelial cells.

Trophoblasts

You can also search for this editor in PubMed Google Scholar. This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check for access. This volume explores the latest approaches used to assess trophoblast angiogenesis, transport function, cellular respirations, migration, and invasion. The chapters in this book cover topics such as various methods to study and manipulate primary trophoblast cells; strategies using liposomes to deliver biomolecules to trophoblasts; in vitro models of the placenta that emulate the cellular interactions in the 3D uterine environment; and models exploring heterogenous cell types and 3D-organoid structures that represent cell-to-cell interactions in vivo. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and thorough, Trophoblasts: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource that will help researchers better understand the function of the placenta and its complex contribution to maternal health and fetal development, and also provide greater insights to the area of study known as the developmental origins of health and diseases DoHaD. Sandeep Raha. Book Title : Trophoblasts. Book Subtitle : Methods and Protocols. Editors : Sandeep Raha.

We propose that this classification system trophoblasts provide a stringent method to define human trophoblast cells in vitro. The crosstalk between CTBs and the maternal-fetal microenvironment is an important factor in determining their lineage differentiation, trophoblasts.

Thank you for visiting nature. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. As an essential component of the maternal-fetal interface, the placental syncytiotrophoblast layer contributes to a successful pregnancy by secreting hormones necessary for pregnancy, transporting nutrients, mediating gas exchange, balancing immune tolerance, and resisting pathogen infection. Notably, the deficiency in mononuclear trophoblast cells fusing into multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast has been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, and stillbirth. Despite the availability of many models for the study of trophoblast fusion, there exists a notable disparity from the ideal model, limiting the deeper exploration into the placental development.

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. Human pregnancy depends on the proper development of the embryo prior to implantation and the implantation of the embryo into the uterine wall. During the pre-implantation phase, formation of the morula is followed by internalization of blastomeres that differentiate into the pluripotent inner cell mass lineage, while the cells on the surface undergo polarization and differentiate into the trophectoderm of the blastocyst. The trophectoderm mediates apposition and adhesion of the blastocyst to the uterine epithelium. These processes lead to a stable contact between embryonic and maternal tissues, resulting in the formation of a new organ, the placenta. During implantation, the trophectoderm cells start to differentiate and form the basis for multiple specialized trophoblast subpopulations, all of which fulfilling specific key functions in placentation. They either differentiate into polar cells serving typical epithelial functions, or into apolar invasive cells that adapt the uterine wall to progressing pregnancy.

Trophoblasts

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. Abnormal placentation is considered as an underlying cause of various pregnancy complications such as miscarriage, preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction, the latter increasing the risk for the development of severe disorders in later life such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Despite their importance, the molecular mechanisms governing human placental formation and trophoblast cell lineage specification and differentiation have been poorly unravelled, mostly due to the lack of appropriate cellular model systems.

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We tested these criteria on cells previously reported to show some phenotypic characteristics of trophoblast: bone morphogenetic protein BMP -treated human ESC and Ep, an embryonal carcinoma cell line. Therefore, gaining an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of STB formation is crucial in addressing these issues. Cytotrophoblast invasion into the uterine spiral arteries is accompanied by loss of the endothelial lining and musculoelastic tissue in these vessels. This alteration allows an adequate blood supply to the growing fetus as pregnancy progresses. Placental drug transport-on-a-chip: a microengineered in vitro model of transporter-mediated drug efflux in the human placental barrier. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. See Definitions and Examples ». However, iTSCs obtained by reprogramming have the potential for retroviral integration, which limits their application in clinical or therapeutic applications. These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'trophoblast. Therefore, using information from our previous microarray data of fluorescence-activated cell-sorted trophoblast cells, we selected genes involved in the transcriptional network that drive murine TSC, and show that TFAP2C and GATA3 are expressed in all mononuclear trophoblast cells, providing useful additional markers Biadasiewicz et al.

Trophoblasts are the outer layer of cells that provide nutrients to the embryo and form part of the placenta. Trophoblasts from the Greek words trephein, to feed, and blastos, germinator are cells that form the outer layer of a blastocyst.

Controversy surrounds reports describing the derivation of human trophoblast cells from placentas and embryonic stem cells ESC , partly due to the difficulty in identifying markers that define cells as belonging to the trophoblast lineage. Although animal models are commonly employed to study placental development and have been instrumental in advancing our collective understanding of placentation, there are key anatomical and physiological differences between species [ 4 ]. On the basis of these findings we have generated a classification system Figure 2 to aid in the identification of mononuclear trophoblast cells from early in gestation. Hum Reprod Update. Thus, there is an ongoing need for thorough characterization and optimization of methods derived from TSCs. Morphological analysis of degeneration and regeneration of syncytiotrophoblast in first trimester placental villi during organ culture. About this book This volume explores the latest approaches used to assess trophoblast angiogenesis, transport function, cellular respirations, migration, and invasion. Histopathology of a chorionic villus , in a tubal pregnancy , with labeled cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts. Furthermore, PSCs can undergo effective genetic modification, offering a valuable avenue for exploring the roles of specific factors in trophoblast fusion. Download as PDF Printable version. Endothelial-associated genes in human placental artery and vein endothelial cells.